Isticmaalka tubaakada ayaa weli ah sababta ugu weyn ee cudurrada iyo dhimashada laga hortagi karo ee Kanada. Sannadkii 2017, in ka badan 47,000 oo dhimasho ah ayaa loo aaneeyey isticmaalka tubaakada gudaha Kanada, iyada oo lagu qiyaasay $6.1 bilyan oo kharashka daryeelka caafimaadka tooska ah iyo $12.3 bilyan oo ah kharashka guud ee Istaraatiijiyada Tubaakada ee Kanada, taasoo ujeeddadeedu tahay in la gaaro yoolka in ka yar 5% isticmaalka tubaakada marka la gaaro 2035.
Baakadaha caadiga ah waxaa qaatay tiro sii kordheysa oo waddamo ah oo adduunka ah. Laga bilaabo Luulyo 2020, cadKanadabaakadaha sigaarkasi buuxda ayaa looga hirgaliyay labada heer saaraha iyo tafaariiqda ee 14 wadan: Australia(2012); Faransiiska iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska (2017); New Zealand, Norway, iyo Ireland (2018); Uruguay, iyo Thailand (2019); Sacuudi Carabiya, Turkiga, Israa'iil, iyo Slovenia (Janaayo 2020); Kanada (Febraayo 2020); iyo Singapore (Julaay 2020). Janaayo 2022, Belgium, Hungary, iyo Nederlaan waxay si buuxda u hirgelin doonaan baakad cad.
Warbixintani waxay soo koobaysaa caddaynta Mashruuca Qiimaynta Siyaasadda Caalamiga ah ee Xakamaynta Tubaakada (ITC) ee ku saabsan waxtarka baakadaha cad ee Kanada. Laga soo bilaabo 2002, Mashruuca ITC waxa uu 29 waddan ku sameeyay sahanno koox-dheeri ah si loo qiimeeyo saamaynta siyaasadaha xakamaynta tubaakada muhiimka ah ee Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka ee Qaab-dhismeedka Xeerka Xakamaynta Tubaakada (WHO FCTC). Warbixintani waxay soo bandhigaysaa natiijooyinka saamaynta baakadaha cad ee Kanada iyadoo lagu saleynayo xogta laga soo ururiyay dadka waaweyn ee sigaarka cabba ka hor (2018) iyo ka dib (2020) hordhaca ah ee sigaarka.Kanadabaakadaha sigaarka. Xogta Kanada waxaa sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay xogta ilaa 25 waddan oo kale oo Mashruuca ITC ah - oo ay ku jiraan Australia, England, France, iyo New Zealand, halkaas oo baakadaha cad sidoo kale laga hirgeliyey.
Baakadaha caadiga ah ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacay rafcaanka xirmada - 45% dadka sigaarka cabba ma jecla muuqaalka baakidhkooda sigaarka ka dib si cadKanada baakadaha sigaarkaayaa la soo bandhigay, marka la barbar dhigo 29% sharciga hortiisa Unlik Warbixintan waxaa diyaariyey Mashruuca ITC ee Jaamacadda Waterloo: Janet Chung-Hall, Pete Driezen, Eunice Ofeibea Indome, Gang Meng, Lorraine Craig, iyo Geoffrey T. Fong. Waxaan u aqoonsanahay faallooyinka Cynthia Callard, Dhakhaatiirta Kanada sigaar-free; Rob Cunningham, Ururka Kansarka Kanada; iyo Francis Thompson, HealthBridge oo ku saabsan qoraalka warbixintan. Naqshadeynta garaafiga iyo qaabeynta waxaa bixisay Sonya Lyon oo ka tirsan Sentrik Graphic Solutions Inc. Waad ku mahadsan tahay Brigitte Meloche bixinta adeegyada tarjumaada Faransiiska; iyo Nadia Martin, Mashruuca ITC ee dib u eegista iyo tafatirka tarjumaada Faransiiska. Kharashka warbixintan waxa bixiyay Barnaamijka Isticmaalka Maandooriyaha iyo Maandooriyaha ee Health Canada (SUAP) #2021-HQ-000058. Aragtiyada halkan lagu sheegay qasab maaha inay matalaan aragtida Caafimaadka Kanada.
Sahanka Sigaar-cabista Afarta Waddan ee ITC iyo Vaping-ka waxaa taageeray deeqo ka yimid Machadka Qaranka ee Kansarka (P01 CA200512), Machadyada Cilmi-baarista Caafimaadka Kanada (FDN-148477), iyo Golaha Cilmi-baarista Caafimaadka iyo Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Australia (APP 1106451). Taageero dheeraad ah waxa Geoffrey T. Fong siiya Deeq Baaraha Sare ee Machadka Ontario ee Cilmi-baarista Kansarka.
Awood sharciyeedka baakadaha cad ee tubaakada (sidoo kale loo yaqaano baakadaha la jaanqaaday) waxa lagu bixiyay sharciga tubaakada iyo waxsoosaarka vaping-ka (TVPA)4, kaas oo waxka bedel lagu sameeyay Maajo 23, 2018 qaab sharci ah si loo dhimo culayska wayn ee dhimashada tubaakada. iyo cudurka Kanada. CadKanadabaakadaha sigaarkaujeedadeedu tahay in la dhimo rafcaanka alaabta tubaakada waxaana lagu soo bandhigay Xeerarka Alaabta Tubaakada ee 2019 (Plain and Standardized Appearance)5 oo ah mid ka mid ah siyaasadaha dhamaystiran si loo gaadho yoolka in ka yar 5% isticmaalka tubaakada sanadka 2035 sida hoos timaada Istaraatiijiyada Tubaakada Kanada .
Xeerarku waxay khuseeyaan baakooyinka dhammaan waxyaabaha tubaakada, oo ay ku jiraan sigaarka la soo saaray, duub alaabtaada (tubaakadda dabacsan, tuubooyinka iyo waraaqaha duuban ee loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo tubaakada), sigaarka iyo sigaarka yar yar, tubaakada tuubada, tubaakada aan qiiqa lahayn, iyo alaabta tubaakada kulul.E -Sigaarka/Alaabada uumiga lagu shubo kuma jiraan xeerarkan, maadaama aan lagu kala saarin sida tubaakada sida hoos timaada TVPA.
4 Baakadaha caadiga ah ee sigaarka, sigaarka yar yar, alaabta tubaakada ee loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo aaladaha, iyo dhammaan alaabada kale ee tubaakada waxa ay dhaqan galiyeen heerka soo saaraha/soodejinta Noofembar 9, 2019, oo leh muddo 90 maalmood ah oo ku meel gaadh ah oo tafaariiqda tubaakada ay u hogaansameen Feebarwari 7, 2020. Baakadaha caadiga ah ee sigaarka ayaa dhaqan galay heerka soo saaraha/soo dejinta November 9, 2020, oo leh 180-maalmood muddada ku meel gaadhka ah ee tafaariiqda sigaarka ay u hoggaansamaan May 8, 2021.5, 8
Kanada baakadaha sigaarkaXeerarka ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwa ugu dhammaystiran adduunka, iyagoo dejinaya dhowr tusaale oo caalami ah (eeg sanduuqa 1). Dhammaan baakadaha alaabta tubaakada waa in ay lahaadaan midab bunni ah oo heersare ah, oo aan lahayn sifooyin gaar ah oo soo jiidasho leh, iyo soo bandhigida qoraalka la oggol yahay ee goobta caadiga ah, font, midabka, iyo cabbirka. Ulaha sigaarka kama badan karaan cabbirrada la cayimay ee ballaca iyo dhererka; leeyihiin wax summadeed; iyo dhamaadka dabada shaandheyntu waa inay noqotaa mid fidsan oo aan haysan meel bannaan ah.Kanada baakadaha sigaarkawaxa loo habayn doonaa qaab slide iyo qolof ah oo ah heerka soo saaraha/soo dejinta laga bilaabo Noofambar 9, 2021 (tafaariiqleyaashu waxay haystaan ilaa Febraayo 7, 2022 si ay u hoggaansamaan), sidaas darteed mamnuucida xidhmooyinka leh fur furan. Jaantuska 1 wuxuu muujinayaa baakadaha silixda iyo qolofka oo cadKanada baakadaha sigaarka halkaas oo fariinta macluumaadka caafimaadka ay ka muuqato dhabarka baakadaha gudaha marka xirmada la furo. Kanada waa waddankii ugu horreeyay adduunka ee u baahan baakadaha slide iyo qolofka IYO waxay ahayd qofkii ugu horreeyay ee u baahan fariimaha caafimaadka gudaha.
Kanadabaakadaha sigaarkaXeerarka ayaa ah kuwa ugu xooggan adduunka uguna horreeya:
• Mamnuuci isticmaalka sharraxayaasha midabka dhammaan magacyada iyo noocyada kala duwan
• Waxay u baahan tahay qaabka baakadaha slide iyo qolof ee sigaarka
• Waxay u baahan tahay midab bunni ah oo ku yaal gudaha baakadaha
• Mamnuuc sigaarka ka dheer 85mm
• Mamnuuc sigaarka caatada ah ee dhexroorka ka yar 7.65mm
Horyaal caalami ah oo ay dejiyeen xeerarka baakadaha cad ee Kanada
Kanada kama hirgelin digniino caafimaad oo sawir leh (PHWs) cusub iyo kuwa ka weyn baakooyinka sigaarka oo ay weheliyaan shuruucdii baakadaha cad, sida looga baahan yahay waddamada kale oo ay ku jiraan Australia, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Faransiiska, iyo New Zealand. Si kastaba ha ahaatee,Xidhmada sigaarka ee KanadaDigniinaha (75% ee hore iyo gadaal) ayaa noqon doona kuwa ugu weyn adduunka marka la eego wadarta guud ee bedka dhulka marka qaabka qasabka ah ee slide iyo qaabka qolofka uu dhaqan galo Noofambar 2021. Caafimaadka Kanada ayaa soo gabagabaynaysa qorshayaal lagu hirgelinayo dhawr qaybood oo digniino caafimaad oo cusub ah. Alaabooyinka tubaakada ee loo baahan doono inay wareegaan ka dib wakhti cayiman
Warbixintani waxa ay soo bandhigaysaa xogta laga helay Sahanka Sigaarka iyo Sigaarka ee ITC Canada ka hor iyo ka dib baakooyinka cad si buuxda loo hirgeliyay heerka tafaariiqda Febraayo 7,2020. Kaas oo sidoo kale lagu sameeyay si barbar socda sahanno kooxeed oo ka dhacay Maraykanka, Australia, iyo England, waa sahan kooxeed lagu sameeyay dadka waaweyn ee sigaarka cabba iyo vapers-ka laga soo shaqaaleysiiyay shabakadaha qaranka ee waddan kasta. Sahanka khadka tooska ah ee 45-daqiiqo ahaa waxa ku jiray su'aalo khuseeya qiimaynta baakadaha cad, kuwaas oo uu isticmaalay Mashruuca ITC si loo qiimeeyo baakadaha cad ee Australia, England, New Zealand, iyo France. Sahanka Sigaarka iyo Sigaarka ee ITC Canada waxaa lagu dhex sameeyay muunad qaran oo ah 4600 oo sigaar cabayaal qaangaar ah kuwaas oo dhammeeyay sahannada 2018 (kahor baakadaha cad), 2020 (baakadaha cad ka dib), ama labada sano gudahood. Waddamada kale ee ITC (Australia iyo Maraykanka) halkaas oo sahan la mid ah laga sameeyey isla muddadaas, oo ku kala duwan heerka shuruucdooda baakadaha tubaakada iyo shuruudaha isbeddelka PHWs (eeg Shaxda 1).i Astaamaha jawaab-bixiyeyaasha sahanka Kanada, Australia, iyo Maraykanka ayaa lagu soo koobay Shaxda 2. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale soo bandhigaysaa isbarbardhigga xogta macluumaadka ee cabbiraadaha natiijada siyaasadda la doortay ee Kanada iyo ilaa 25 waddan oo ITC ah.ii
Faahfaahin buuxda oo ku saabsan habka sahaminta iyo sahaminta ee waddan kasta waxa lagu soo bandhigay sahanka Sigaarka iyo Sigaarka Afarta waddan ee ITC
warbixinnada farsamada, laga heli karo:https://itcproject.org/methods/
Mashruuca ITC wuxuu horey u daabacay warbixino ku saabsan saameynta baakadaha cad ee New Zealand18 iyo England19. Waraaqaha sayniska mustaqbalka ee ITC waxay soo bandhigi doonaan falanqeyn aad u ballaaran oo ku saabsan saameynta baakadaha cad ee Kanada iyo waddamada kale, iyo sidoo kale isbarbardhigga saameynta siyaasadda ee dhammaan dalalka ITC ee si cad u hirgeliyayKanadabaakadaha sigaarka.Farqi yar oo u dhexeeya natiijooyinka laga soo sheegay Kanada ee waraaqaha sayniska ee soo socda iyo natiijooyinka lagu soo sheegay dukumeentigan waxaa sabab u ah kala duwanaanshiyaha hababka isku-habeynta tirakoobka, laakiin ha beddelin qaabka guud ee natiijooyinka.ii.
Natiijooyinka 2020 ee Kanada ee lagu soo bandhigay tirooyinka isdhaafsiga ayaa laga yaabaa inay wax yar ka duwanaan karaan natiijooyinka 2020 ee tirooyinka dhererka ee lagu soo bandhigay warbixintan sababtoo ah kala duwanaanshaha hababka hagaajinta tirakoobka ee nooc kasta oo falanqayn ah.iii
Waqtigii qiimaynta baakadaha cad ka dib ee Kanada, baakadaha caadiga ah ee tafaariiqda intooda badani waxay ahaayeen qaab sare, oo leh qaab slide iyo qolof ah oo loo heli karo tiro xaddidan oo calaamado ah Mid ka mid ah ujeedooyinka muhiimka ah ee baakadaha cad waa in la yareeyo soo jiidashada iyo rafcaanka alaabta tubaakada.
Cilmi-baadhisyo laga sameeyay waddamo kala duwan ayaa si joogto ah u tustay in baakooyinka sigaarka ee caadiga ah ay aad uga soo jiidashada yar yihiin kuwa sigaarka cabba marka loo eego baakadaha calaamadaysan.12-16
Sahanka ITC wuxuu muujiyay in ay jirto koror aad u weyn oo ah boqolkiiba sigaar cabbayaasha Kanadiyaanka ah ee helay xirmooyinkooda sigaarka "aanu ahayn mid soo jiidasho leh" ka dib hirgelinta Kanadabaakadaha sigaarka.Hoos-u-dhaca weyn ee rafcaanku wuxuu ka duwan yahay labada waddan ee kale ee is-barbardhigga-Australia iyo US-halkaas oo aan wax isbeddel ah lagu samayn boqolleyda sigaarka cabba ee helay xirmooyinkooda sigaarku "aanba soo jiidasho lahayn".
Waxaa jiray koror aad u weyn oo ah boqolleyda sigaarka cabba ee sheegay in aysan jecleyn muuqaalka xirmo sigaarkooda ka dib hirgelinta baakadaha cad ee Kanada (laga bilaabo 29% 2018 ilaa 45% 2020). Rafcaanka xirmada ayaa ahaa kii ugu hooseeyay Australia (halkaas oo baakadaha caadiga ah laga hirgaliyay iyadoo lagu daray PHWs waaweyn 2012), iyadoo in ka badan saddex-meelood laba meel dadka sigaarka cabba ay soo sheegeen inaysan jeclayn muuqaalka xirmokooda 2018 (71%) iyo 2020 (69%). Taas bedelkeeda, boqolkiiba dadka sigaarka cabba ee sheegay in aanay jeclayn muuqaalka xidhmooyinkooda ayaa ku hadhay Maraykanka (9% 2018 iyo 12% ee 2020), halkaas oo digniinaha ay yihiin qoraal-kaliya iyo baakad cad oo aan la fulin ( fiiri sawirka 3).
Natiijooyinkani waxay la socdaan natiijooyinkii hore ee Mashruuca ITC ee muujinaya korodhka saamiga sigaarka cabba ee aan jeclayn muuqaalka baakaddooda ka dib markii baakadaha cad laga hirgaliyay Australia (laga bilaabo 44% 2012 ilaa 82% 2013) 17, New Zealand ( min 50% 2016-17 ilaa 75% 2018)18, iyo England (laga bilaabo 16% 2016 ilaa 53% 2018).19
Natiijooyinka hadda jira waxay sidoo kale ku darayaan caddaynta daraasado la daabacay oo muujinaya hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid rafcaanka xirmada ka dib hirgelinta baakad cad oo leh PHWs waaweyn gudaha Australia20, 21 iyo saameynta togan eeKanadabaakadaha sigaarkahoos u dhigista rafcaanka xirmada marar badan iyo in ka badan kordhinta xajmiga PHWs gudaha England.22
Daraasad kale oo dhowaan lagu qiimeeyay saamaynta baakadaha cad ee Boqortooyada Midowday (UK) iyo Norway iyadoo la adeegsanayo tillaabooyinka sahanka ITC ee la aasaasay waxay bixinaysaa caddayn dheeraad ah in hirgelinta baakadaha cad oo ay weheliso PHW-yada cusub ee cusub ay kor u qaaddo feejignaanta digniinta iyo waxtarka ka baxsan waxa lagu gaari karo iyada oo la hirgelinayo baakadaha cad iyada oo aan isbeddelin digniinaha caafimaadka. Kahor hirgelinta baakadaha cad, labada waddanba waxay lahaayeen digniino caafimaad oo isku mid ah xirmooyinka sigaarka (43% digniin qoraal ah oo xagga hore ah, 53% PHW dhabarka ah).
Kadib hirgalinta baakadaha cad oo ay weheliso PHWs cusub (65% hore iyo gadaal) gudaha Boqortooyada Midowday, waxaa jiray kor u kac weyn oo ah dareenka dadka sigaarka cabba, akhrinta, iyo ka fikirka digniinaha, ka fikirida khataraha caafimaad ee sigaarka. dhaqamada ka fogaanshaha, sigaarka oo laga tago, iyo in ay aad ugu dhowdahay in la joojiyo digniinaha dartood.
Taas bedelkeeda, waxaa hoos u dhac weyn ku yimid fiirsashada, akhrinta, iyo u fiirsashada digniinaha, ka fikirida khatarta caafimaad ee sigaarka, iyo inay aad ugu dhowdahay inay joojiyaan sababtoo ah digniinaha sigaarka cabba ee Norway, halkaas oo baakadaha caadiga ah la hirgeliyey iyada oo aan wax isbeddel ah lagu samayn. digniinaha caafimaadkaKanada baakadaha sigaarkawaxay kordhisaa waxtarka digniinaha sawireed ee waaweyn, laakiin ma kordhin karto saamaynta qoraalkii hore/ digniinaha sawireed
Waqtiga boostada: Jun-15-2024